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オバマ大統領就任演説 原文と解説
Inaugural Address by President Barack Obama
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オバマ就任演説 原文
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語句解説
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内容解説
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My fellow
citizens:
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for
the trust you've bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by
our ancestors. |
humble: （動詞）謙虚な気持ちにする
bestow: 〜を授ける(類語：give, grant)
mindful of: 心に留める、忘れない
borne: (bearの過去分詞）〜を負う、負担する
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"My fellow Americans"と呼びかけるのが、最近の大統領演説には多いが、オバマは"citizens"と呼びかけた。citizenであることの責務について、演説の結論部分にもつながっている。(citizenとは一国の政府に忠誠を誓う義務とその保護下におかける権利を持つ国民のこと。）
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I thank
President Bush for his service to our nation -- (applause) --
as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout
this transition.
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throughout
this transition: この政権移行期を通じて |
オバマ当選後、ブッシュはできる限りオバマへの政権移行に協力する姿勢をみせた。カーター、ブッシュ（父）、クリントンら存命の大統領をホワイトハウスに招き、オバマとの会食の場も設けた。
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Forty-four
Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have
been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still
waters of peace. Yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst
gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America
has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of
those in high office, but because we, the people, have remained
faithful to the ideals of our forebears and true to our founding
documents.
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oath:
宣誓
rising tides: 上げ潮
still waters: 静かな海、静かな流れ
amidst = amid: 〜の中で
has carried on: 引き継いできた、持ちこたえてきた
high office: 政府の高官
forebears: 祖先 |
「これまで44人の米国人が大統領の宣誓を行った。」というのは誤りで、実は43人が正しい。オバマは第44代大統領であるが、第22代と第24代のクリーブランド大統領は、一期を間に挟んでいるが同一人物。
"but because we, the people," 政府の指導者によるものではなく、「我われ人民」がと対比させ、国民の側に引き寄せて話を展開している。
"We the People of the United States,"は合衆国憲法のお馴染みの書き出し。 |
So it
has been; so it must be with this generation of Americans.
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"this generation
of Americans"は、ケネディの就任演説の有名な一節
"the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans"を想起させる。 |
That
we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation
is at war against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.
Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility
on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make
hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.
Homes have been lost, jobs shed, businesses shuttered. Our health
care is too costly, our schools fail too many -- and each day
brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen
our adversaries and threaten our planet.
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midst
= middle
far-reaching: 遠くまで及ぶ
shed: 取り除く、解雇する
shutter: 店を閉じる
adversary: 敵 |
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These
are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.
Less measurable, but no less profound, is a sapping of confidence
across our land; a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable,
that the next generation must lower its sights.
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sap: 徐々に弱める、破壊する
nagging: つきまとって離れない、しつこいく悩ます |
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Today
I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are
serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in
a short span of time. But know this America: They will be met.
(Applause.)
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On this
day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity
of purpose over conflict and discord.
On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances
and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas that
for far too long have strangled our politics.
We remain a young nation. But in the words of Scripture, the
time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come
to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history;
to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea passed
on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that
all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue
their full measure of happiness. (Applause.)
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discord: 意見の不一致
petty: 小さい、ささいな
grievance: 不平、不満、苦情（動詞：grieve、類語：complaint, grumble; injustice)
false promise: 偽りの約束
recrimination: 非難し返すこと、やり返し
worn-out: 使い古された、陳腐な
strangle: 締め付ける、抑圧する
Scripture: 聖書（語源：ラテン語「書き物」から、関連: script､subscribe）
reaffirm: 再確認する
enduring: 永続する
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Scripture（聖書）からの引用は、歴代の大統領就任演説にもしばしば見られる、例えばクリントンの第１期目の就任演説にも"The
scripture says, - And let us not be weary in well-doing, for
in due season, we shall reap, if we faint not."があった。
"the time has come to set aside childish things"(From:
1 Corinthians
13:11) 新約聖書「コリントの信徒への手紙一」 13章11節より。「成人した今、幼子のことを棄てた。」（聖書
新共同訳）
"pursue their full measure of happiness" 独立宣言の最も有名な前文"We
hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and
the pursuit of Happiness. を踏まえているが、さらにゲティスバーグ演説の最後の部分でリンカンが言った"last
full measure of devotion"を踏まえていると思われる。リンカンは、命を落とした兵士の最後の完全な献身の意味でこの言葉をつかっている。
オバマは、2008年6月3日のセントポールの演説の終盤でもこのリンカンの言葉を使っている。
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In reaffirming
the greatness of our nation we understand that greatness is
never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been
one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the
path for the faint-hearted, for those that prefer leisure over
work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather,
it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things
-- some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in
their labor -- who have carried us up the long rugged path towards
prosperity and freedom.
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faint-hearted: 臆病者
rugged: でこぼこの、険しい |
"faint-hearted"
レーガン大統領が1986年1月28日のスペースシャトル・チャレンジャー号の爆発事故の際に行ったテレビ演説は心を打つ名演説として知られている。その中の最も有名な一説が"The
future doesn't belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the
brave. " |
For
us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled
across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in
sweatshops, and settled the West, endured the lash of the whip,
and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died in places
like Concord and Gettysburg, Normandy and Khe Sahn.
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worldly: この世の、地上の
toil: 苦労する、骨を折って進む
lash of the whip: 鞭で打たれること
plow: 鋤で耕す（発音注意:音声）
sweatshop: 劣悪な条件・低賃金で労働者を働かせる工場、労働搾取工場
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Concord: コンコード（マサチューセッツ州）
独立戦争でイギリス本国軍との最初の戦いとなった「レキシントン・コンコードの戦い」の地 (1775年4月19日)
Gettysburg: ゲティスバーグ（ペンシルバニア州）南北戦争の激戦地で北軍が勝利 (1863年7月1-3日)
Normandy: ノルマンディ(フランス北部） 第二次世界大戦 連合軍の上陸作戦 (1944年6月6日)
Khe Sahn: ケサン（ベトナム） ベトナム戦争で米軍基地が置かれ、北ベトナム軍と攻防。ケサン基地の放棄が米国世論にもダメージを与えた。(1968年1月21日-4月8日) |
Time
and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked
till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.
They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions,
greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.
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raw:
皮がむけた
faction: 党派、派閥 |
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This
is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous,
powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive
than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive,
our goods and services no less needed than they were last week,
or last month, or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished.
But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests
and putting off unpleasant decisions -- that time has surely
passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves
off, and begin again the work of remaking America. (Applause.)
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prosperous:
繁栄した
inventive: 発明の才のある、創作力のある
undiminished: 衰えない、低下しない
stand pat:（方針や意見を）変えない、そのままにしておく |
"standing pat" ニクソン大統領のスピーチライターを務め、New
York Times紙のコラムニストでもあるWilliam
Safireは、かつてニクソンのスピーチに“America cannot stand pat,”と書いた事があったが、ファーストレディー(名前がPat
Nixson)の気に障り、その後はstand patという言い方は使わなくなったことをNew
York Timesのオバマのスピーチ批評で告白している。
"pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off" くだけた表現だが、これは歌詞からの引用。"Pick
Yourself Up"という曲で、大恐慌に苦しむ1936年にJerome KernとDorothy
Fieldsが作詞・作曲し、Fred AstaireとGinger Rogersが歌った。
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For
everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of our
economy calls for action, bold and swift. And we will act, not
only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth.
We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and
digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We'll
restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's
wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We
will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our
cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools
and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age.
All this we can do. All this we will do.
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electirc grids: 配電網
harness: (自然の力を）動力化する、利用する |
"We'll restore science to its rightful place" ブッシュ政権では、科学が本来あるべき姿をゆがめられ政治的に利用されたとの認識があり、それを暗に批判している。
この演説で、オバマはブッシュに対して容赦のない批判を繰り返している。 |
Now,
there are some who question the scale of our ambitions, who
suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans.
Their memories are short, for they have forgotten what this
country has already done, what free men and women can achieve
when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity
to courage. What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground
has shifted beneath them, that the stale political arguments
that have consumed us for so long no longer apply.
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tolerate: 耐える
cynic: 皮肉屋
stale: 古臭い、陳腐な
consume: 消耗させる |
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The
question we ask today is not whether our government is too big
or too small, but whether it works -- whether it helps families
find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement
that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move
forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those
of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account,
to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the
light of day, because only then can we restore the vital trust
between a people and their government.
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decent wage: そう悪くないまあまあの賃金
dignified: 品位のある、堂々とした
be held to account: 説明責任を持つ
in the light of day: 日の光のあるところで、ガラス張りに |
"The question
we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too
small, but whether it works" 大きな政府か、小さな政府かというこれまでの議論を乗り越え、機能する有効な政府を目指すことを宣言。
レーガンは第１期目の就任演説で
"In this present crisis, government is not the solution
to our problem; government is the problem." という有名な言葉を残し、小さな政府に向け大きく舵を切った。
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Nor
is the question before us whether the market is a force for
good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom
is unmatched. But this crisis has reminded us that without a
watchful eye, the market can spin out of control. The nation
cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The
success of our economy has always depended not just on the size
of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity,
on the ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart
-- not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to
our common good. (Applause.)
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unmatched: 無比の、類を見ないほど素晴らしい
watchful: 注意深い、油断のない
spin out of control: 制御不可能になる
prosper: 繁栄する
prosperous: （名詞）成功した人、裕福な人
prosperity: 繁栄
willing heart: 自発的に行う心 |
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As for
our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our
safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers -- (applause) --
our Founding Fathers, faced with perils that we can scarcely
imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the
rights of man -- a charter expanded by the blood of generations.
Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them
up for expedience sake. (Applause.)
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Founding
Fathers: 建国の父たち（合衆国憲法の制定者たち）
peril: 危険（類語：danger, risk, jeopardy)
draft: 起草する
charter: 憲章（ここでは合衆国憲法）
for expedience sake: ご都合主義のために
(for the sake of 〜：〜のために）
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"common defense"
共同の防衛 - 合衆国憲法前文で使われている表現 |
And
so, to all the other peoples and governments who are watching
today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where
my father was born, know that America is a friend of each nation,
and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and
dignity. And we are ready to lead once more. (Applause.)
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grandest:
grand: 壮大な、大きな
dignity: 尊厳、品位 |
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Recall
that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not
just with missiles and tanks, but with the sturdy alliances
and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone
cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please.
Instead they knew that our power grows through its prudent use;
our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force
of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.
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stury: 頑丈な、強固な（類語：strong、solid)
alliance: 同盟
conviction: 信念
prudent: 慎重な、賢明な
emanate from: 〜から生ずる、発生する
justness of our cause: 我われの大義の正当性
tempering quality: 穏やかにする性質
humility: 謙虚さ
restraint: 抑制、自制 |
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We are
the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once
more we can meet those new threats that demand even greater
effort, even greater cooperation and understanding between nations.
We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people and forge
a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former
foes, we'll work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and
roll back the specter of a warming planet.
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forge: 創り出す
hard-earned peace: 苦労して成し遂げる平和
foe: 敵 （類語：enemy, adversary)
roll back: 巻き戻す、押し返す
specter: 幽霊、恐ろしいもの |
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We
will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in
its defense. And for those who seek to advance their aims by
inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now
that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken -- you cannot
outlast us, and we will defeat you. (Applause.)
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waver: ためらう
induce: 引き起こす
slaughter: 虐殺する
outlast us: 我われより長生きする |
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For
we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness.
We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus,
and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture,
drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted
the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from
that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but
believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines
of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller,
our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must
play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.
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patchwork:
寄せ集めの
heritage: 受け継いだもの、伝統、遺産
non-believers: 信仰のない人、神を信じない人
bitter swill: 苦汁 (swillは生ごみ・残飯、がぶ飲み）
segregation: 人種隔離、人種差別
hatred: 憎悪
tribe: 部族
dissolve: 消滅する、溶解する
reveal: 現す、見せる
usher in: 導く、先駆けとなる |
"non-believers"神を信じない人がアメリカ国民にもいることを就任演説で公然と述べたのは、歴代大統領の中でもオバマが初めて。ユダヤ･キリスト教(Judeo-Christian)文化を背景としているアメリカ合衆国の大統領の就任演説としては歴史的な重要性を持つ。
これは、オバマの信念に基づくものであり、著書"Audacity
of Hope"の中でも
"I am suspicious of using government to impose anybody's
religious beliefs - including my own - on nonbelievers."と述べている。 |
To the
Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest
and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek
to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West,
know that your people will judge you on what you can build,
not what you destroy. (Applause.)
To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and
the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side
of history, but that we will extend a hand if you are willing
to unclench your fist. (Applause.)
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mutual:
相互の
sow: （種を）まく
conflict: 紛争
cling to: 〜に固執する、しがみつく
corruption: 腐敗、汚職
deceit: 欺き、詐欺
dissent: 意見の相違
willing to: 〜するのをいとわない、〜する気がある （注意： 「喜んでする(happy to do)」という積極的な気持ちはない）
unclench your fist: 握りこぶしを開く
（clenchは、しっかりと握る
fistはこぶし）
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"To the Muslim
world"と呼びかけ、次には"To those leaders around the globe..."と呼びかけてゆくスタイルは、ケネディの就任演説と重なる。
例えばケネディは次のように呼びかけた。"To those peoples in the huts and villages
across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery,
we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for
whatever period is required." |
To the
people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make
your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved
bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours
that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference
to the suffering outside our borders, nor can we consume the
world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has
changed, and we must change with it.
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pledge:
確約する、誓う
flourish: 栄える
nourish: 栄養を与える、養う
plenty: 豊かさ
indifference: 無関心
without regard to: 関心を払うことなく
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As we
consider the role that unfolds before us, we remember with humble
gratitude those brave Americans who at this very hour patrol
far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to
tell us, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper
through the ages.
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unfold: 展開する、起こる
gratitude: 感謝
far-off: 遥かかなたの
Arlington: アーリントン墓地（バージニア州）戦没者が埋葬されている
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We honor
them not only because they are the guardians of our liberty,
but because they embody the spirit of service -- a willingness
to find meaning in something greater than themselves.
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guardian:
保護者
embody: 体現する |
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And
yet at this moment, a moment that will define a generation,
it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all. For as
much as government can do, and must do, it is ultimately the
faith and determination of the American people upon which this
nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when
the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather
cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees
us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage
to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness
to nurture a child that finally decides our fate.
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define: 定義づける、決定づける
inhabit: 〜の中に存在する、宿る
nurture: 育てる
fate: 運命
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Our
challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them
may be new. But those values upon which our success depends
-- honesty and hard work, courage and fair play, tolerance and
curiosity, loyalty and patriotism -- these things are old. These
things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress
throughout our history.
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instrument:
手段、方法
tolerance: 寛容
curiosity: 好奇心
loyalty: 忠誠心
patriotism: 愛国心
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What
is demanded, then, is a return to these truths. What is required
of us now is a new era of responsibility -- a recognition on
the part of every American that we have duties to ourselves,
our nation and the world; duties that we do not grudgingly accept,
but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is
nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character
than giving our all to a difficult task.
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grudgingly: しぶしぶと
seize: つかむ
firm in the knowledge: 確信して
giving our all: 全身全霊を尽くして |
"a new era
of responsibility"演説全体を通して最も象徴的な言葉。 |
This
is the price and the promise of citizenship. This is the source
of our confidence -- the knowledge that God calls on us to shape
an uncertain destiny. This is the meaning of our liberty and
our creed, why men and women and children of every race and
every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent
mall; and why a man whose father less than 60 years ago might
not have been served in a local restaurant can now stand before
you to take a most sacred oath. (Applause.)
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creed: 信念、信条
magnificent: 壮大な
mall: ここでは、ワシントンDCの議事堂から記念塔までの空間(National
Mall)。演説の聴衆が詰め掛けた場所。 |
"God calls on
us to shape an uncertain destiny."は、ケネディの就任演説の終わりの文である"here
on earth God's work must truly be our own."を想起させる。
"a man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have
been served in a local restaurant can now stand before you to
take a most sacred oath." 黒人初の大統領であることの意義について触れた、唯一の箇所。 |
So let
us mark this day with remembrance of who we are and how far
we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest
of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires
on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The
enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At the
moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt,
the father of our nation ordered these words to be read to the
people:
|
patriots: 愛国派、愛国者
huddle: 集まる、ぎっしりと集う
was stained with blood: 血で染められた |
|
"Let
it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter,
when nothing but hope and virtue could survive... that the city
and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to
meet [it]."
|
alarmed at: 〜を恐れて
come forth: 現れる |
トマス・ペインが1776年に書いたパンフレット"The
Crisis"の一節で、ジョージ･ワシントンがこれを兵士に読ませて鼓舞した。 |
America:
In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship,
let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue,
let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms
may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when
we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did
not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the
horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great
gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.
|
currents: 水の流れ
falter: ひるむ、たじろぐ
God's grace: 神の恩寵 |
"children's children"
聖書に頻出する言い方。聖書の言葉が無意識のうちにでているものを思われる。 |
Thank
you. God bless you. And God bless the United States of America.
(Applause.)
|
|
|
原文出典: whitehouse.gov
|
|
| 解説の出典＆参考サイト |
■Slate: Obama's
Inaugural, AnnotatedSlate writers pencil in their notes on the
inaugural address.
Edited by Chris WilsonPosted Wednesday, Jan. 21, 2009, at 12:00
PM ET
■Chicago Tribune: Obama's
inauguration speech, annotated By Julia Keller, Patrick
T. Reardon and Steve Johnson
■The Atlantic: Marc Ambinder - Obama's
Speech Annotated, Part I ＆ Part
II
■New York Times: ‘The
Speech’: The Experts’ Critique
■Economist: Barack
Obama's sober speech Jan 20 2009
■Reuters: Obama
speech heralds break with Bush era Jan 20, 2009
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